Philosophical and Ethical Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Philosophical and Ethical Concepts - Essay Example More than 70 percent of the Americans accept that the associations have been expressed to be inefficient on the beneficent finances that they get. Just 10 percent of the Americans are persuaded that the cause associations have been making the best decision and utilizing the cash admirably. 17 percent of the Americans accept that the assets were settling on the correct choices. The insights show how much the cause association made question to their contributors. The moral concern is of much significance for this situation, and they need a lot legitimate comprehension. The ethical judgment comes later in the wake of tending to the moral concerns. To begin with, one needs to experience the chief powers that influence the experience of the associations. The moral issues that are in the non-benefit segment ought to likewise be the topic of conversation so as to tackle the issues that are related with the magnanimous associations. From there on there must be answers for the issues that fac e the cause associations on the issue of unfortunate behavior. There are the moral difficulties in the associations, and they lead to the unfortunate behavior. The difficulties that are clear for this situation and they end up in criminal infringement (VanderWallen 142). The ethical lead has got some critical variables that impact them. Moral mindfulness is a lot of basic with regards to tending to the moral issues. In the wake of making the ethical mindfulness in a cause association, it is significant to concoct a moral dynamic which is from that point followed by moral aim. The last advance is thinking of the ethical activities. Following every one of these means will bring about the end of the wrongdoing. The ethical judgment of the individuals is critical for all viewpoints. For this situation the ethical feeling of the benefactors is basic. The giver is an individual who needs to add to the cause work. It is pivotal for the contributors to be illuminated about the offenses in association. The

Emerging Nokia free essay sample

Presentation Nokia, one of the main handset producers, is losing piece of the overall industry in creating and created markets while absolute handset advertise is relied upon to develop by $222 bn. by 2013 (informative supplement 4). Appearance of cell phone market and quick appropriation of the most recent innovation by the contenders, for example, Apple, Samsung and so forth has lit Nokia’s stage ablaze in the created advertise and compromised its strength in the creating markets. Nokia has been incredible at turnaround system. Will Nokia have the option to turn tables this time? KEY ISSUES Nokia faces distinctive key issues in the created markets and the creating markets: Issues in Developed Market  · Should Nokia quit the created advertise?  · If they remain in the created showcase, what items and administrations ought to be advertised? Issues in Developing Market  · What ought to Nokia do to restore its market chief situation in the creating markets?  · What can Nokia do to improve items and administrations offered in the creating markets? Issue STATEMENT Nokia’s CEO, Mr. Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, is confronting an issue whether Nokia should actualize distinctive methodology in the created and the creating markets or a solitary worldwide technique and what items and administrations ought to be offered in the business sectors where Nokia chooses to remain? Outside ANALYSIS As the business works in an alternate manner in both the business sectors, diverse Porter’s five powers has been directed for the created and the creating markets. Watchmen FIVE FORCES (SEE APPENDIX 1) 2 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, ECONOMICS AND TRENDS Below referenced industry structure and patterns can be seen in creating and created markets: Shared characteristic between Both the Markets  · various PC maker, for example, Dell, Acer, Apple and Google have entered the market, subsequently, undermining standard handset producers predominance.  · In the product for handsets, biological systems created by authority firms (and not handset maker, for example, Google, with help for third mostly application is progressively getting increasingly well known. Cell phones and outsider applications are getting progressively well known as shoppers are spending more on cell phones and outsider applications. Created Markets:  · The pattern in the created advertise is changing from essential telephones improved telephones to cell phones. Projections for 2010 *â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 13 (case display 11) state this reality.  · Based on projections 2010 *â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 13, Smartphones will be the key income driver in the created markets (See reference section 4). Fundamental and upgraded telephones will contribute almost no to the development.  · Cell telephone bearers are liable for advertising, deals and circulation of handsets. In this way, solid associations with phone bearer are crucial for achievement of the item. Creating Markets:  · Marketing, deals and circulation of the handsets is taken care of by the maker. Tremendous dissemination system and infiltration in the market is essential for progress.  · Handset advertise in creating nations is volume driven market (low end handsets; low ASP) just as cost driven (very good quality handsets; high ASP) showcase. Along these lines, the income will be driven by both low end and top of the line handsets (see index 4).  · Products that are propelled first in the created markets are embraced in the creating markets in future. A great deal of new items are made and propelled distinctly in the creating markets to tap low end telephones showcase. Infiltration in the creating market is through first time deal. The essence of the circumstance is that industry in created and creating markets is changing in various manner. 3 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS The outside condition for mobile phone makers is moving from fundamental and improved telephones to cell phones in the created market and spread over the product offerings in the creating markets. This move is quick in the created markets while slow in the creating markets. The contenders, for example, Samsung, Motorola, Apple and Google have immediately responded to the change and adjusted well. Apple, Google and Samsung have together undermined Nokia’s position as an innovator in the created markets. Samsung and LG are following the suite in the creating markets by acquainting huge number of low with top of the line items. Nokia’s current methodology has demonstrated worthless against contenders. One reason of Nokia’s technique disappointment is that it didn't stay informed concerning what contenders were doing. The business changed totally in a few years and Nokia can't meet the market desires. Accordingly, Nokia lost its situation as a pioneer in India. Nokia’s future is by all accounts in dim in the created nations. Likewise, Nokia is losing ground to rivals in the creating market. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS Key achievement factors for created and creating markets are illustrated underneath: As key achievement factors for both the business sectors are extraordinary, Nokia should modify as indicated by the customers’ need in both the business sectors. Interior ANALYSIS Let’s take a gander at Nokia’s current system to give understanding into how Nokia ought to respond to the quickly evolving industry. COMPANY’S STRATEGY Business Strategy: Integrated (double preferred position) in both creating and created showcases as it dispatches comparative items in both the business sectors. All the more ease items are propelled in the creating markets to enter profound as these are value delicate and volume based markets for Nokia. Center Competency: Nokia’s center competency is to make remote handsets and its capacity to adjust to changing economic situations. The organization has a long history of pivoting the organizations at various events from paper maker to elastic producer to the hardware organization lastly to a main handset maker. Topographies: Developed markets (Western Europe and North America) and creating markets (Eastern Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa and Latin America). Money related ANALYSIS  · Nokia has been expanding its RD spending yet its arrival on deals has been declining (case display 2). More RD spending isn't giving Nokia an upper hand as it has been propelling many minimal effort items is creating markets, bringing about high RD cost on low edge items. The organization doesn't have an incredible item to go up against Apple or Samsung in the cell phone showcase.  · Revenue and working benefits from gadget administration fragment has declined altogether since 2007 (case show 3) I. e. Nokia has been losing against its rivals in significant markets in its center skilled fragment *â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" gadgets and administrations.  · The created markets (principally Europe) are the most rewarding markets for Nokia as they are the essential income driver and generally gainful just as ASP and gross edges for cell phones are a lot higher when contrasted with fundamental telephones.  · Low P/E proportion (case display 8) when contrasted with contenders, for example, Samsung and Apple mirrors that market is throwing questions on Nokia’s future as a prevailing player as Nokia is exchanging at bring down different when contrasted with the contenders. To sum up the monetary examination, Nokia has been losing piece of the overall industry in both created and creating markets, its productivity has been declining and the market is throwing questions on its future development. Tasks ANALYSIS (SEE TABLE IN APPENDIX 3) At Nokia, the hierarchical structure is changing from item based to practical association. The change has been delayed as they are late to respond to changing needs of the market from gadget just market to gadget and arrangements based market. The vision of creating client focused items is adjusting Nokia against the necessities of the client. Nokia has 9 manufacturing plants and complex dissemination arrange over the globe. As talked about in flexibly chain investigation (reference section 2), overseeing and controlling such gigantic tasks can be a cost weakness. In addition, income assignment of 10% to RD, for an organization whose achievement lays on advancement, is excessively low. Likewise, more items propelled in creating markets implies less RD spending per item. More RD cost ought to be apportioned to planning not many creative and mechanically propelled items with most recent biological system that can contend unequivocally against rising players in the created markets. Showcasing AND COMPETITIVE POSITION In the created markets, the mobile phone bearers advertise and appropriate items for handset makers. Solid relationship with wireless transporter can put maker at the front line. Nokia doesn't have solid relationship with the cellphone transporters as they don't be able to apply pressure on the purchaser though Apple does. In any case, in the creating markets, the makers showcase their own item. Broad deals and dissemination organize assume essential job. Nokia has solid nearness in India with broad dissemination organize though contenders don't have as solid system. Along these lines, Nokia is better positioned as far as showcasing and dispersion in the creating markets instead of the created markets. Assessment OF ALTERNATIVES Clearly, Nokia is at intersection in the created advertises and is quick losing its place as a predominant player in the creating markets. Beneath referenced are the choices that Nokia ought to consider to contend all inclusive: A1: STATUS QUO (SINGLE GLOBAL STRATEGY) The principal elective Nokia has is to keep up the state of affairs I. e. sit idle. Albeit simple to execute, the technique is the least gainful and has high danger of Nokia proceeding to lose piece of the pie in both the creating and the created showcase. A2: EXIT DEVELOPED MARKET Nokia can exit created market and spotlight just on the creating markets. Nokia can distribute more assets in the creating markets and battle to pick up its predominant situation in the creating markets. In any case, leaving the most beneficial markets (I. e. created markets) won't just reinforce competitorsâ€?

8 Ways a Scene List Can Make Writing Your Novel Easier

8 Ways a Scene List Can Make Writing Your Novel Easier There are as many ways to write a book as there are authors who have written them. Some writers dont outline at all, while others extensively outline a book project before writing the first page. Some plan chapters by outline their novels on the wall of their office (William Faulkner, were looking at you!), while others like J.K. Rowling compose an extensive scene list like the one were going to discuss in this article.A rudimentary scene list handwritten by J.K. Rowling and used to write the fifth Harry Potter novel, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.1. A scene list is your novel in Excel spreadsheet formThe easiest way to think of a scene list is to think of it as a detailed outline of your novel in spreadsheet format. Obviously, this can be done by hand (as J.K. Rowling proves) but a much easier way to make it happen is on an Excel spreadsheet.2. A scene list ensures your novel contains necessary elementsThis worksheet for writers, provided by author Jami Gold, is a great resource to help you determine the exact elements needed for each scene to write a well-written novel. As a summary of the worksheet, he notes:Your scene should include at least one of these essential elements:A plot pointA characters goalAction to advance the plotAction to increase the tensionScenes should also reveal at least two of the following important elements:Character developmentA cause of character conflictAn effect of character conflictHow stakes are raisedA reinforcement of the stakesCharacter motivationScenes can also reveal these bonus elements:Character backstoryWorld buildingThe storys tone or moodStory themeForeshadowingAs you are creating your scene list on an Excel spreadsheet, keep these essential, important, and bonus elements in mind for the columns. Doing so will help ensure that each scene you write has the necessary elements needed to keep the plot moving forward the way it should. A scene that is written that doesnt contain any essential or important elemen ts is also a scene that can be considered for cutting when revising the rough draft into a final draft.3. A scene list is easier to keep track of than post-it notesThe elements involved in a scene list are likely portions of your novels outline that youve already reproduced on post-it notes, index cards, or a similar variation. In fact, this article published by the WriteOnSisters, speaks of the Wall of Sticky Notes used in the process of screenwritingâ€"a process very similar to novel writing. Its based on Blake Snyders Save the Cat seriesâ€"a series Ive mentioned often in my articles on plot structureâ€"and helps writers determine the basic beats of the story (aka, the action points of the plot).Some of the important elements that should be included on your scene list, and suggested columns are:Column 1: The number of the scene within the overall outlineColumn 2: The name and/or brief summary of the sceneColumn 3: POVColumn 4: The date of the scene within the storyColumn 5: The se tting(s) in which the scene will take placeColumn 6: Plot of sceneColumn 7: Characters motivationColumn 8: Costume images/ideasColumn 9: Prop images/ideasColumn 10: Scene elements, as detailed in point #2. (NOTE: For a more detailed scene list, each element in point #2 can have its own column, which is checked according to the purpose the scene serves for easy identification.)Column 11: Proposed word countColumn 12: Actual word count4. A scene list keeps track of POV when your novel contains severalMany modern bestsellers (Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn and The Girl On the Train by Paula Hawkins) take advantage of multiple points of view (POV) to keep the reader guessing the truth until the very end. Its a modern, fascinating method of storytelling but one that requires careful planning on the part of the author to ensure that all narratives meet at a certain point and all perspectives make logical sense throughout the course of the narrative.Using a scene list to keep track with the mu ltiple points of view and the story arc that each encounters throughout chapters is an easy way to ensure that each POV achieves what it should achieveâ€"namely, plot progression or character building.5. A scene list allows you to organize images and ideas for props, costume, setting, etc.One benefit of software (e.g., spreadsheet software such as Excel) is its ability to hold multiple media related to a scene. For example, when you find a particular costume online as a .JPEG or .PNG file, you can easily upload it into a spreadsheet column for future reference. Grantedâ€"in past times, the same thing was accomplished by printing out the costume image or cutting it from a magazine and pasting it to a physical sheet of paper (or wall, as in Faulkners case). However, technology has made it so much easier for writers to copy and paste various mediaâ€"whether an image file, song file, or text fileâ€"and place it into a spreadsheet for easy viewing and cataloging. These types of media can all be included in your scene list spreadsheet with simply copying and pasting a digital file.6. A scene list will keep you on track with your writing goalsOne column of your scene list spreadsheet should be reserved for an editorial calendar. Just as Faulkner wrote the various days tasks on the walls of his study, you can also create a writing calendar for your novelâ€"all without damaging paint and your homes interior.To stay on a certain schedule when writing your book, we suggest creating a column that represents a timeline for writing your novel. For some writers, this column could be a daily column (e.g., Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc.). For others, this could be a weekly or monthly columnâ€"really, it depends on how often you write and the timeline you are giving yourself for getting your novel finished.In either case, think of a scene list as a timeline for both you and your characters to reach the end of the novel-writing process. Once you determine the exact scenes that are needed from beginning to end in your book, divide them up over the timespan youre giving yourself to complete writing it.Your scene list can be a timeline to help you finish your novel based on your calendar and writing goals. Photo by Suhyeon Choi on Unsplash.7. A scene list will help when its time to edit your novelIn the often-troubling, definitely stressful time of editing your rough draft, a scene list will help you view your novel with an eagle-eye viewpoint to determine whatâ€"if anythingâ€"can and should be cut. In essence, here is a list of the necessary scenes your novel should contain, as noted by Shawn Coyne of Story Grid:The inciting incident at the beginning of your story.The inciting incident at the middle of your story.The inciting incident at the end of your story.A scene that progressively complicates the beginning of your story.A scene that progressively complicates the middle of your story.A scene that progressively complicates the end of your story.A scene that creates a crisis question at the beginning of your story.A scene that creates a crisis question in the middle of your story.A scene that creates a crisis question at the end of your story.A scene that climaxes the beginning of your story.A scene that climaxes the middle of your story.A scene that climaxes the end of your story.A scene that resolves the beginning of your story.A scene that resolves the middle of your story.A scene that resolves the end of your story.8. A scene list ensures that all chapters are relevantIn his TedTalk titled, How to Write Your Novel in Under 20 Minutes, author Simon Van Booy, winner of the 2009 Frank OConnor International Short Story Award, discusses the often-painstaking process of removing irrelevant chaptersâ€"otherwise known as chapters that dont advance the plot, characterization, or worldbuilding efforts of your writing:Write each scene, write each chapter…. put them together and theres your novel. After a year of rewriting, youve got a f irst draft, congratulations. If you can take away a pearl and it stays intact, congratulations, youve found a superfluous chapter. If you take away a chapter, take away a pearl, and the rest of the string collapses and chapters are everywhere…. its good, because every chapter needs to drive the narrative forward…and then what do you do? You just keep rewriting until you stop changing things.Simon Van BooyCreating a scene list will help identify these superfluous chapters early in the editing phase, helping you to remove any portions of your novel that dont serve a purpose in advancing the narrative, characterization, or worldbuilding.Final thoughtsNow that you understand the basics of a scene list and how it can help you develop your novel, explore the idea and adapt it to your writing however best fits your style. If youre the type of writer that needs to plan everything out in detail before putting pen to the page (or fingers to the keyboard), you can add to the columns as muc h as needed to help you envision each scene and how it moves the plot forward. Or, if youre more of a fly by the seat of your pants type of writer, you can use fewer columns but still reap the benefits of a scene list in each draft and editing stage of your work.

Why Did The 14th Amendment Guarantees Equal Protection...

: In the summer of 2015 the U.S supreme court ruled in favor to legalize same-sex marriage in all 50 countries in the United States. This all occurred because of the Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) case. This very important case involved â€Å"14 same-sex couples and two men whose same-sex partners are deceased† and the couples argued that the â€Å"state officials violated [their] 14th amendment by denying them the right to marry or to have marriages lawfully performed in another state given full recognition and also violated their equal protection Clause. The supreme court ruled for this case because in the 14th Amendment it clearly declares that all people should have â€Å"equal protection under the law†, regardless of race or ethnicity. The supreme court also appealed the Sixth Circuit reversed and had all states to be able to recognised same-sex marriage in all states. So, based on this information I will do a research on why the 14th Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law should include same sex marriage. In order for me to thoroughly accomplish this paper, I will be examining more detailed all the facts and the final decisions of the case as well as the amendment(14th) to be able to get really valuable information and to be able to use it to prove my point of view and make it very clear to the audience.I will also be explaining how this issue is very important to society and how the ruling is now affecting many cases out there especially over gay rights. Truth about theShow MoreRelatedLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1256 Words   |  6 Pagesdeceased† in this case the couples argued that the â€Å"state officials violated [their] 14th amendment by denying them the right to marry or to have marriages lawfully performed in another state given full recognition and also violated their equal protection Clause.† The supreme court ruled in favor for this case because in the 14th Amendment it clearly declares that all people should have â€Å"equal protection under the law†, regardless of race, ethnicity, or sexuality.(source 2, pg.1) The supreme court alsoRead MoreThe Impact Of Civil Justice System On The United States1287 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will provide a written analysis of the impact of the 4th 5th 6th 8th and 14th amendments in the processing of criminals through the justice system, and the impacts it has in the criminal justice system’s due process and processing of an offender. 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Both amendments took a big role in America, and its people. This paper will also show the people that helped take these amendments into place and also the changes. Impact of the 14th and 15th AmendmentRead MoreImpact Of The 14th And 15th Amendment Under U.s. Policy Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of the 14th and 15th Amendment under U.S. Policy Nya Mark Central High School November 9, 2015 5th Period â€Æ' Abstract This Paper will examine the Impact of the 14th and 15th Amendment in America. These Amendments were known as reconstruction amendments, including the 13th amendment in the Unites States. Both amendments took a big role in America, and its people. This paper will also show the people that helped take these amendments into place and also the changes. 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After the revolution, many people feared a monarchy or any form of government in which the central ruling body had too much power. The framers wanted the states to have much more power than the national government, and allowedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Same Sex Marriage1368 Words   |  6 Pagesmarriage couples throughout the progression of American society. Presently, there have been many problems in which many people believe that they should take means into their own hands. Religion is one of the main reasons why people choose to revolt against the government and the laws that are being passed. In the Supreme Court case, Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado, Jake Phillips had rejected making a wedding cake for a couple of the same sex because it was against his religious beliefs. Although manyRead More Federalism Essay example1689 Words   |  7 Pagesthat strengthened the national government creating a more unified United States. Finally, the recent course of federalism has been to give powers back to the states. Federalism was needed in the Constitution to make sure that the national government did not gain too much power. After the revolution, many people feared a monarchy or any form of government in which the central ruling body had too much power. The framers wanted the states to have much more power than the national government, and allowed

Important Steps to Take for Earthquake Preparedness

On the 100th anniversary of the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, thousands of scientists, engineers and emergency management experts gathered in San Francisco for a conference. From that meeting of the minds came 10 recommended action steps for the region to take against future earthquakes. These 10 action steps apply to society at all levels, including individuals, businesses, and governments. This means that all of us who work for businesses and participate in government activities have ways to help beyond taking care of ourselves at home. This is not a checklist, but rather an outline of a permanent program. Not everyone can utilize all 10 steps, but everyone should try to carry out as many as possible. People elsewhere take part in a culture of preparedness for their regional hazard, whether they live in an area prone to hurricanes, tornados, blizzards or fires. Its different in earthquake country because the big events are rare and they occur without warning. Things on this list that may seem obvious in other places have yet to be learned in earthquake country --  or, they were learned and forgotten, like the San Francisco region in the years after the 1906 quake. These action steps are crucial elements of a disaster-resilient civilization and serve 3 distinct purposes: making preparedness part of the regional culture, investing to reduce losses, and planning for recovery. Preparedness Know your risks. Study the buildings that you live in, work in or own: On what kind of ground are they sited? How might the transportation systems serving them be threatened? What seismic risks affect their lifelines? And how can they be made safer for you?Prepare to be self-sufficient. Not just your home, but your workplace too should be ready for 3 to 5 days without water, power or food. While this is the normal suggestion, FEMA suggests carrying up to 2 weeks worth of food and water.  Care for the most vulnerable. Individuals may be able to help their families and immediate neighbors, but people with special needs will need special preparations. Ensuring this necessary response for vulnerable populations and neighborhoods will take concerted, sustained action by governments.Collaborate on a regional response. Emergency responders already do this, but the effort should extend further. Government agencies and major industries must work together to help their regions prepare for ma jor earthquakes. This includes regional plans, training, and exercises as well as continuous public education. Loss Reduction Focus on dangerous buildings. Fixing buildings that are likely to collapse will save the most lives. Mitigation measures for these buildings include retrofitting, rebuilding and controlling occupancy to reduce exposure to risk. Governments and building owners, working with earthquake professionals, bear the most responsibility here.Ensure essential facilities function. Every facility needed for emergency response must be capable of not just surviving a large quake, but also remaining functional afterward. These include fire and police stations, hospitals, schools and shelters and emergency command posts. Much of this task is already a legal requirement in many states.Invest in critical infrastructure. Energy supplies, sewage, and water, roads, and bridges, rail lines and airports, dams, and levees, cellular communications -- the list is long of functions that must be ready for survival and quick recovery. Governments need to prioritize these and invest in retrofitting or rebuilding a s much as they can while keeping a long-term perspective. Recovery Plan for regional housing. In the midst of disrupted infrastructure, uninhabitable buildings and widespread fires, displaced people will need relocation housing for both the short and the long term. Governments and major industries must plan for this in collaboration.Protect your financial recovery. Everyone --  individuals, agencies, and businesses -- must estimate what their repair and recovery costs are likely to be after a major earthquake, then arrange a plan to cover those costs.Plan for regional economic recovery. Governments at all levels must collaborate with the insurance industry and major regional industries to ensure the provision of relief money for individuals and for communities. Timely funds are crucial for recovery, and the better the plans, the fewer mistakes will be made. Edited by Brooks Mitchell

Relationship Between Humans and Objects Free Essays

CUL341 INDIVIDUAL REPORT Indeed, there is a powerful relationship between humans and objects in today’s society. An object is a tangible something that one can take hold off with their senses. Some objects have the power to create social relations between humans, for example there is the trident and the wand that changes the image of a person who utilizes the object. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Humans and Objects or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, such are objects that allow the power of symbolism to give meaning to human activity. The trident is one of these objects that have the great power to create social relations. A trident is a long stick usually having a small double-u (w) looking symbol at the top of it. It’s a three-pronged spear known for giving social power to a person or vice versa, a powerful person in the society carries it and utilizes it to express their power. Although the object has many other uses such as fishing and also as a weapon, there are several examples in history where it would be carried just to symbolize power. In Hinduism, their God Shiva and the Roman God Neptune too are both are known for a trident being clutched to them most of the time. The trident gives a different image of one who carries it; it expresses their power to the society. In Roman myth, God Neptune used it to create earthquakes and other natural disasters as it was indeed a powerful object, and hence created social relations between the Gods and their worshippers as it allowed them to see the power it has. Today we obviously don’t see powerful people carrying it around; however, it is still seen in animated TV shows and movies to give a meaning to the character. It is seen in the little mermaid where King Triton bears it on him to convey his power to the rest of the creatures of the sea. Also in the Lion King, the monkey who is characterized to be an influential persona popping up when someone needs advice amongst the animal kingdom bears the trident on him at all times. Thus, again the object is able to create social relations amongst the characters. Another object that was discussed is the wand. The wand is a thin stick made from wood, of even sometimes metal. They are known to give a magical sense to one who bears it. The wand indeed also creates social relations amongst people as when one utilises a wand, he is will be known to be a person who performs magical spells. The wand is used to perform magical spells so therefore, the one who bears it is conveyed by the society to have great power as wands can only be owned and used by a fairy, wizard, witch or a sorcerer. Wands are known to have also created social relations in historical myths and legends. In Roman myths, Mercury also beared a wand that allowed the worshippers to have a powerful view of Mercury amongst the society. In fairy tales and other science fiction, the magic wand is used to do many powerful acts used for good and evil. Evil acts include defeating or transforming people into animals and good acts can include used for protection or other useful acts like opening a locked door. Some fairytales in which the wand is used widely is Cinderella where the fairy godmother would have the power to perform good acts such as make Cinderella beautiful and grant her clothes to go to the ball. Furthermore, in today’s world we most often exposed to wands and their magic in popular fiction novels and movies/TV shows. A well known novel plus movie is Harry Potter. Harry Potter is a wizard who studies at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. His aim in the movie is to defeat his enemy Lord Voldemort who killed his parents. Everything in the fictional movie is pretty done through the power of the wand. The good acts, the bad acts by wizards and witches gives viewers insight to how a single object can create such social relations in a society. Indeed, a single object can have the power to shape ones image of a persona. Indeed, in the modern world, the relationship between objects and humans has developed to become a great influence on the view one has for another in the society. It is evident that the triton and the wand both are very good examples of such objects enhance their powers to create social relations amongst humanity. A Trident has been used in history and even today in fiction movies to allow a view of a persona to be great and powerful. Similarly, the wand also creates social relations amongst a society where one can be seen as a normal person and just by bearing a wand; he will be seen to be a wizard whom can perform magical spells. Indeed, Objects can enhance the power of symbolism and give a different meaning to a person. REFERENCES http://www. ehow. com/about_4759212_magic-wand-stories. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trident How to cite Relationship Between Humans and Objects, Papers

Nursing Health Services

Question: Discuss a sentinel event that occurred in your facility or unit and what was the outcome? Did any policy/procedure, guideline, change developed in response to the event? Were you involved with the event in any way? Answer: Sentinel events are such infrequent events that occur in health services due to deficiencies in system and processes. Such events can hamper the care delivery procedures as well as the organizational image. In some cases, these events can be fatal. One of such event is medication error. Medication error is very common sentinel event (Wu Steckelberg, 2012). In spite of the working under huge regulation, during the change in shifts, one nurse in our healthcare organization made a wrong documentation about a patients blood pressure measure. The nurse did not put the last measured blood pressure on a cardiovascular patients report and hand over the documents to the nurse in next shift. Based on the previous BP, doctor did not prescribe medication for high blood pressure. The patient experienced massive stroke due to uncontrolled blood pressure. The hospital authority based on the patient familys claim sued the nurse. In response to the described event, the use of electronic health record system was started in the healthcare settings. Through this system, nurses started to put all the medications and other documents of a patient in electronic software (Wu Steckelberg, 2012). As a result, the confusion within nurses regarding manual documentation during the shift change has been resolved. This procedure helped the nurses to avoid medication error and improved the quality of care delivery. As a nurse, I have also used the electronic health record system for documenting all the patients data. Joint Commission established the 2016 National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG) for reducing these kinds of sentinel events. The sentinel event in our organization was related to the NPSG.03.06.01 goals related to patients medicine safety (Data, 2012). The purpose of setting this goal is to make it sure, that nurses are rechecking the correct medication and any kind of change in patients status or medication before administrating patients medication. Reference List Data, S. E. (2012). Root Causes by Event Type 20042012.Washington, DC: The Joint Commission. Wu, A. W., Steckelberg, R. C. (2012). Medical error, incident investigation and the second victim: doing better but feeling worse?.BMJ quality safety,21(4), 267-270.

Individual Rights vs Public Order Essay Example

Individual Rights vs Public Order Paper Advantages and Disadvantages of Individual Rights vs. Public Order There are advantages and disadvantages to just about everything you can think of in this world. Two topics that can be very controversial to have an advantages and disadvantages discussion on are our individual rights and public order. We hold our individual rights very close to us and pride ourselves on the freedoms that these rights provide. We also see the devastation that can occur when the rights and freedoms we are given land in the hands of the wrong people. People that abuse their individual rights tend to disrupt public order and this is when we catch that glimpse and sometimes horror of one of the big disadvantages of individual rights verses public order. We are well aware of what individual rights are and how they apply to us, so we will come back to that, but what about public order? What exactly is that? Public order is in place to keep society as a whole safe from misdeeds. Public order is also a system in place that restricts some freedoms that people may want. Freedoms are the ideals in life that everyone can take advantage of no matter who they are. Public order is refraining from any acts of involvement that may lead to violence, which may be disrupting, while out in the public or any other acts or behaviors that may be illegal to do out in the streets. For instance, disruption in public order often times results in hindering someone else of their individual rights. Public order is considered to be disrupting the public in a way that may make being in the public unsafe. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Rights vs Public Order specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Rights vs Public Order specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Rights vs Public Order specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When violating public order, it is considered a crime, and can lead to jail time and or paying a fine if a conviction is obtained. However the real price to pay actually lands on the shoulders of society as our individual rights are infringed upon when public order is, well, not in order. As an American citizen you learn that you have individual rights and those rights come with having or sustaining public order. As Individuals living in an American society we all have individual rights. Our individual rights are our rights to define and sanction our freedom of relevance in a social America. One right we do have is the right to life. All the rest of the rights come with consequences or fine print. Our individual rights are there to equally provide us life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in this world of social America. They exist to give people his or her freedoms, while that same freedom can allow people to take advantage of their freedoms. Freedom is the item that keeps the people of this country happy. People feel secure in what they are doing during their everyday lives. A person’s individual rights are what keep people happy throughout his or her life. People are given many different rights that make them feel happy and appreciated even if they do not recognize them. Individual rights are freedoms that let people choose who they want to be and also give them the fair treatment that they deserve to get as a citizen. Individual rights are the rights that people are given to keep them from being mistreated by the government or anyone else. Most of these rights are to keep the people from being mistreated by the Justice system. Our individual rights are mostly summed up within the first Ten Amendments, otherwise known as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights helps to safeguard the citizens of this country. According to (National Constitution Center, 2008) â€Å"Nearly two-thirds of the Bill of Rights is devoted to safeguarding the rights of persons suspected or accused of crime†. These rights are outlined in the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth amendments. They give people the right to â€Å"due process of law, fair trial, and freedom from self-incrimination, cruel and unusual punishment and being held in jeopardy twice for the same crime. National Constitution Center, (2008) Take for instance the first Amendment, it protects freedom of speech, press, religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; the right for people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of a grievance. (Bill of Rights, 2000-2009) The advantage of having this was so that people could peaceably seek out about the injustices of their country without being punished or harm for doing so. As time goes on you see that it is not so wrong to allow people to address their concerns. After all, that is the way a democracy is suppose to be done in a country where a person’s voice and opinion matters. This amendment allows the press to question people of a certain caliber and also ask questions that the world wants to know about. Another advantage is that when it comes to justice you have the right to speak whatever you want and it also allows you to be silent when you want. It also has the advantage of helping aid in speaking out when there has been an injustice to others and yourself. The disadvantage though is that, if expressing your first amendment right becomes violent, you can face jail time and pay possible fines. This disrupts public order. If you happen to be with an organization, you may have law enforcement officials surround you for the protection of others and for that particular organization; most of the time the protection is for the other people. This is where public order comes in to play. It also poses a disadvantage because the area that the organization is acting or addressing their first amendment right in cannot disrupt others who may have to cross paths through or around the organization. The area must remain safe and sufficient for all if not then the involvement of the law will commence. There is not complete freedom in expressing the individual right because it could affect public order. The advantages to having individual rights are being able to express yourself and be treated equally among society. However, the disadvantage is that the right you carry is limited according to what effect expressing it will have on society. Without public order, many of our rights would not carry the same significance. Public order places a boundary on our individual rights, but it is a boundary that is â€Å"for our own good†. If every right that is outlined for us had no boundaries or restrictions on it, our society would end up in chaos. Like mentioned before, our rights contain fine print that not everyone reads when signing on the dotted line. This fine print is what keeps public order while still allowing us to retain our rights we believe we are entitled to. Unfortunately, many people out there are not concerned with public order and only care about expressing and practicing their own rights with no regard to what effect it may or may not have on anybody else. Others are more concerned with public order and public safety, that they support rules or laws that put up invisible walls that box our rights in. They cannot wander free for fear of devastation or destruction to our society. Regardless of a particular point of view, we believe that anyone in a fair and honest discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of individual rights verses public order can see the advantages of embracing our proclaimed rights in America as well as the disadvantages and being able to admit the advantages and disadvantages of how American goes about maintaining public order. References Bill of Rights; North East Digital Village; 2000-2009. http://nedv. net/village/billofrights/amendment1. php National Constitution Center, 2008

Police Discretion

Police Discretion Discretion is defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as "the ability to make responsible decisions, individual choice or judgment, power of free decision or latitude of choice within certain legal bounds." In law enforcement discretion is left up to each individual officer on the field everyday. Police officers are given the authority to make reasonable and responsible decisions out in the field. Discretion is used in many situations, such as when an officer chooses to stop a vehicle for a small traffic violation. There are also times when the officer has no choice but to use specific discretion in certain situations. Society believes that an officer can make any choice he or she chooses at anytime while on the job. This belief is "mythical"; there are many situations when an officer has no choice but to follow the law. There are also situations when an officer has to make a decision on what type of force is necessary for certain situations.Domestic violence in Spain 1998-2007For the most part every officer has a choice when to use or not to use discretion, and enforce the law.In the role as a police officer decision making is not easy. Society will use discretion against an officer if the situation does not involve a major crime. Many people will try to talk their way out of the simplest traffic violations, to some felonies. An officer only has so much discretion they are allowed to use. In some cases an officer depending on the situation will give out a warning, and advise the citizen to be aware of the law and not to do it again. However, there are other situations when a warning will not be sufficient enough, but the citizen will still insist on having a warning instead. An officer must use his/her own...

Is violence heriditary or genetic Research Paper

Is violence heriditary or genetic - Research Paper Example Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15. Problem statement There is a high likelihood that childhood aggression and antisocial behavior in adolescent stages of development have less relationship with the genetics of the parents than it can be a hereditary characteristic. Purpose of study The research investigates the correlation that exists between childhood aggression and the prevalence of antisocial behavior during the adolescence stage. The study’s core purpose was to prove whether aggression (including childhood aggression and adolescent antisocial behavior) is hereditary or emanates from genetics of the child’s parents. Identification of framework This study is helpful in explaining the relationship between aggression, including childhood aggression and antisocial behavior among adolescents, and the parents’ genetic makeup. It also helps to prove if violence, childhood aggression and antisocial among adolescents, is hereditary. Information of designed The research determines the extent to which violence (dependent variables), in the form of childhood aggression and antisocial behavior among adolescents, depends on genetic traits of parents (independent variable). Is violence hereditary or genetic? Abstract There are exceptional advantages of undertaking research in every field of knowledge. Nursing is a fundamental field in everyday lives, a need that underscores the necessity of undertaking research to boost the provision of nursing services. Possible research topics in the field of include the exploration of the principalities behind the prevalence of violence in the society. The question as to whether violence is hereditary or genetic forms a viable area of research in nursing. Childhood violence and subsequent observations as antisocial behavior among adolescents is on as escalating trend, in the society. A number of literatures are available on this field of nursing, as discussed in this research. This study investigates the source of violence, whether hereditary or related to the genetics of the parents. There are various depictions of violence as childhood aggression and antisocial behavior among adolescents. According to the research, violence is a hereditary trait. Introduction A theory refers to an abstract of a possible description of the functionalities of a principle stated in a logical way. Studies conducted to validate such abstract explanations refer to a research. Research, in the field of nursing, explores a number of areas. It is useful in exploring principles regarding the state of children, as well. Nursing involves the provision of comprehensive care to individuals. The care extends to that provided to members of the community and entails a vital role in nursing. Children face a number of risks and their protection forms a noble role in the field of nursing. Inhumane treatments are among the different challenges children face in the society. In as much as children continue to face a number of challenges, childhood aggression and a consequential prevalence of antisocial behavior in adolescents, is on an escalating trend in society, a factor that draws concern from a number of researchers, in the field of nursing. Studies show factors that link childhood aggression to antisocial conducts upon attaining adolescence stage. The research investigates the correlation that exists between childhood aggression and the prevalence of antisocial behavior during the adolescence stage

Business Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Business Project Management - Essay Example The multibillion-dollar contract for sealing the border is called Secure Border Initiative Net (SBInet). In a nutshell this project will be centered on the Nogales, Texas to monitor and control about 6000 miles stretch of the border with Canada and Mexico. Boeing Company will be awarded this contract. It has a history in military contracts and weapon systems. Boeings Integrated Defense Systems Unit will be the main dealing unit. The reason for choosing Boeing is their experience in listening devices, motion sensors, cameras, monitoring tower and overall security system. The major constraint is the sheer stretch of the border. It is a common idea that the interdependent time related activities must be performed and completed within the given time limits (Gutjahr, Strauss & Wagner, 2000). It is not a small project in terms of cost, time and manpower required to properly seal and monitor the border. The biggest constraint is to get the approval of the Senate and the public to fund a multibillion dollar project. Narrative building is mandatory. The government needs to convince and win the sympathies of the people and the politicians to get the taxpayers’ money to fund such a project. The alternative analysis reveals that the situation on the border can be improved through indirect means. The Mexican border is notorious for providing sneaky passage for illegal immigrants. If the economic and security situation in Mexico improves, people would not be risking their lives to cross into the United States. But from the perspective of the U.S. this is almost impossible to achieve. The United States does not dictate the Mexican Government. The U.S. can only suggest improvements. The only option is to secure the border. Either the U.S. can build up fences and seal it shut or it can deploy so much manpower that they stop any illegal immigrant or drug smuggler that tries to sneak into the US soil. They

Advantages of Discovery Learning

Advantages of Discovery Learning Jump to: Advantages of Discovery Learning Discovery learning was first put into writing by Jerome Bruner in the 1970s. In part II of his book titled The Quest for Clarity, Bruner discusses his views on the Act of Discovery. Bruner states his belief that to successfully educate, the educator must first assess what is already known. In this essay Bruner summarizes the basic principles of discovery learning, their benefits, its process, and a set of experiments that Bruner used which according to him, proved his theory. This essay will use research that supports Bruners theory in an attempt to prove that discovery learning is more effective than direct instruction and explain how educators should teach in result of the research. What is discovery learning? Discovery learning is an approach to learning that can be facilitated by specific teaching methods and guided learning strategies. For this essay the term discovery learning will refer to learning that takes place within in the individual, the teaching and instructional strategies designed by the teacher, and the environment created when these strategies are used. Direct or traditional instruction are strategies used in teacher led classrooms, including lectures, drill and practice, and expository learning. Bicknell, Holmes, and Hoffman (2000) describe the three main attributes of discovery learning as 1) exploring and problem solving to create, integrate, and generalize knowledge, 2) student driven, interest based activities in which student determines the sequence and frequency, and 3) activities to encourage integration of new knowledge into the learners existing knowledge base. The first attribute to discovery learning is a very important one. By exploring problems, and coming up with their own solutions, students are taking an active role in creating integrating, and generalizing knowledge. Students are not passively taking in information, as they would during a lecture, but are coming up with broad applications for skills by taking risks, solving problems, and examining unique, but useful experiences (Bicknell-Holmes Hoffman, 2000). This attribute of discovery learning dramatically changes the role of students and teachers, which some traditional teachers find hard to accept. The second attribute of discovery learning is that it encourages students to learn at their own pace (Bicknell-Holmes Hoffman, 2000). This attribute allow students learning to progress freely as the student is ready to learn new material. Students must obtain a high level of motivation and take ownership in their learning for this attribute to be met. The third major attribute of discovery learning is that it is based on the principle of using existing knowledge as a basis to build new knowledge (Bicknell-Holmes Hoffman, 2000). Students must be encouraged and provided with knowledge they already know to extend this knowledge and build new ideas. A good example of this is when students discover how to multiply a three digit number by a three digit number, by using their knowledge of multiplying a two digit number by a two digit number. The student would build on what they know about multiplication to come up with a new way of multiplying three digits by three digits. How discovery learning differs from traditional learning: The three attributes listed above combine to make discovery learning much different than traditional learning for five main reasons. First, learning is active rather than passive (Mosca and Howard, 1997). Second, learning is process oriented, rather than content oriented. Third, failure is important. Fourth, feedback is necessary (Bonwell, 1998). Last, understanding is deeper (Papert, 2000). Firstly, in discovery learning students are active in constructing their own knowledge. Learning is not defined as sitting back and taking in what is being said, but is defined as one seeking and creating their own new knowledge. Students are participating in hands-on, real life learning activities and solving real problems. The students have a purpose for finding answers and learning more (Mosca Howard, 1997). Secondly, the focus of learning is on the process and how the content is learned, rather than on the final product. Discovery learning focuses on how to analyze and interpret information in order to understand what is being learned. In traditional teaching and learning a lot of times the focus is on recalling information by rote memorization. This type of process oriented learning can be applied to many different topics instead of producing one correct answer for a specific question in a specific topic. Students will achieve a much deeper level of understanding in discovery learning. The emphasis is placed on mastery and application of overarching skills (Bonwell, 1998). Thirdly, failure in discovery learning is seen as a positive circumstance (Bonwell, 1998). Failure in discovery learning is related to a unique lesson learned from Thomas Edison. Edison is said to have tried as many as 1,200 designs for light bulbs before he found one that actually worked. When asked if he felt discouraged from all this failure, Edison responded by saying he never felt discouraged because he learned so many designs that didnt work. Discovery learning does not stress finding the correct answers each time. Cognitive psychologists have shown that failure is central to learning. In fact, if the student does not fail while learning, the student probably has not learned something new (Schank Cleary, 1994). Fourthly, an essential part of discovery learning is an opportunity for feedback in the learning process (Bonwell, 1998). Student learning is enhanced, deepened, and made more permanent by discussion of the topic with other learners (Schank and Cleary, 1994). In discovery learning, students are encouraged to discuss ideas with other students to deepen understanding. This is the opposite of the expectations in most traditional classrooms where students are expected to work in silence and find answers on their own. Lastly, after incorporating each one of the differences of discovery learning understanding becomes deeper. Learners internalize concepts when they go through a natural progression to understand them (Papert, 2000). Discovery learning is a natural part of human beings that begins from the time they are born. Humans are born with curiosities and needs which is the driving force behind why they learn. Infants learn to talk by discovery. The infant listens to others around them talk, mimics the sounds they hear, and begin to put together the pieces of language that they have discovered on their own (Percy, 1954). Discovery learning is a natural process in which students should be involved in on a day to day basis during school. Discovery learning allows for a deeper understanding by encouraging natural investigation through active, process-oriented methods of teaching (Percy, 1954). Advantages of discovery learning: What the research says Of the research that exists looking at the advantages of discovery learning over traditional learning, three main areas of focus have emerged: 1) motivation (Hardy, 1967), 2) retention (Alleman Brophy, 1992; Nelson Fayer, 1972; Peters, 1970), and 3) achievement (Hardy 1967; Mabie Baker 1966). A great advantage of the discovery learning method over traditional method is its ability to highly motivate students to learn. Discovery learning does this because it gives learners the opportunity to seek information that satisfies their natural curiosity. Discovery learning gives students an opportunity to explore their desires and therefore create a more engaging learning environment for themselves. To put it in simpler terms, discovery learning makes learning fun (Schank Cleary, 1994). In a study done by D.W. Hardy (1967), the students learning the principles of archaeology and anthropology through the discovery method of an archaeological dig were better organizers of information, more active in the task of learning, and more highly motivated that those who were taught in a traditional, lecture method. This example makes it easy to see that students would have much more fun actually digging out artifacts from thousands of years ago and making conclusions, than they would if th ey were to just read the same information from a textbook. When looking at information retention, discovery learning seems to at least match the level found when using traditional teaching methods, but could possibly increase information retention as well. Alleman and Brophy (1992) conducted a research study with college students by asking them to recall a memorable social studies activity that they did in kindergarten through the eighth grade. Many more students could easily recall activities that involved experimental learning, higher order applications, which are characteristics of discovery learning. Students also could recall more of the information that was retained from discovery learning type activities than they did from the traditional activities. Another study looked at the level of information retention in kindergarteners, but over a shorter timeframe. Peters (1970) compared kindergarten students learning mathematics using discovery learning methods and their learning using traditional methods. The results of this study found tha t students taught using a discovery learning method had equal, if not more, retention levels to those taught using a traditional method. Nelson Frayer (1970) also looked at the retention of concepts when they compared discovery learning methods to traditional methods. After studying 228 seventh graders who were learning geometry concepts, they found the same results as Peters (1970). When students are learning skills rather than facts, discovery learning has been shown to increase student achievement. Hardys (1967) archaeological study showed that students who were taught using the discovery learning method showed a positive difference in scores on both pre and post tests which measured anthropological understandings, over students taught using the traditional teaching method. Mabie Baker (1996) also conducted a study which yielded similar results. In this study, three groups of fifth grade students were taught concepts about nutrition using three different methods. One group used garden projects, one group used short, in class projects, and the other group was taught by traditional teaching methods. The group being taught using traditional methods only saw an 11% increase in pretest knowledge, compared to a 70%-80% increase in the other two groups that were being taught using discovery methods. Although discovery learning has many benefits over traditional learning, many teachers and school districts still teaching using the traditional lecture methods. Many educators believe that discovery learning cannot be used to cover the course content, discovery learning takes too much effort and time, and discovery learning will not work well with their large classes. According to the research, how should we then teach? After analyzing the research on discovery learning, five main teaching ideas emerge: 1) case based learning, 2) incidental learning, 3) learning by exploring/conversing, 4) learning by reflection, and 5) simulation-based learning (Schank Cleary, 1994). Teachers can use these ideas to incorporate discovery learning into their classroom environment on a daily basis. Case-based learning is the first teaching idea that comes forth in discovery learning. Case based learning has been around for a very long time as Harvard business school was one of the first schools to use this method (Merseth, 1991). Case based learning is just how it sounds, examining real life scenarios and cases and then applying them in new situations. Case based learning can be easily used when studying business, law, and medicine because there are numerous documented cases that deal with aspects of each of these. To use case based learning in the classroom a teacher must have cases readily available and easy for student access. Incidental learning in the second teaching idea that comes forth in discovery learning. Incidental learning takes place when students gain knowledge in passing (Schank Cleary, 1994). Many times incidental learning can take place in the form of game in which students are engaged in. This type of learning is best used when studying uninteresting topics or pure memorization because it gives students a motivation to learn these topics. Two good examples of incidental learning are having a classroom game show and creating a crossword puzzle on a topic of choice. The third teaching idea that emerges with discovery learning is learning by exploring. This type of learning is based on an organized collection of answers to questions that students can ask (Schank Cleary, 1994). This learning by exploring idea is very similar to the Socratic method of questioning. Curiosity is utilized with this method of teaching as students are given a problem to solve but they can only solve it by asking many questions. A good example of learning by exploring is a game called Whats in the bag? (Bicknell-Holmes Hoffman, 2000). To play this game, an object that is related to the topic being studied is placed in a bag. Students must then ask as many questions as it takes to try to figure out what this object is. This game helps students use prior knowledge and experiences to categorize information and discover what is in the bag. The fourth teaching idea that comes from discovery learning is learning by reflection. In this type of teaching the students learn to apply higher level cognitive skills because they must reflect on what they know to learn new information (Schank and Cleary, 1994). This type of learning by reflecting also helps students learn to ask better questions, and in turn do more sophisticated analyses (Bicknell-Holmes Hoffman, 2000). An example of a teacher using the learning by reflecting strategy will many times answer a students question with questions of their own to guide the student. This is also a model of how the student can ask better questions to themselves so that answers to unknowns can be found. The teacher does not directly answer the students question but rather guides the student with questions so they can find their own answer. This type of teaching requires lots of patience by both the teacher and the student as mistakes will be made. Students will learn to use these mistak es to help them better reflect on the topic and ask more sophisticated questions. The last teaching idea that comes from the research on discovery learning is simulation based learning. This type of learning is basically just role playing. The teacher will give the students a made up environment and situation in which the students must develop a complex set of skills or witness other students apply abstract concepts (Bicknell-Holmes Hoffman, 2000). Simulation based learning allows the environment and situation to be manipulated and adapted, with no real life consequences. This helps guide discovery as students can make mistakes and not have to worry about real consequences. Simulation based discovery also allows students to do things that would be impossible in real life, such as taking and planning field trips to other countries, or even outer space. Ever growing use of technology makes this even more possible as computers allow students and teachers to easily manipulate an environment without using much time or effort. This also makes the simulations much more realistic and authentic as pictures and videos from real places can be accessed at any time.

Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The people known as the Aztecs (who referred to themselves as the Mexica or Tenocha) originated from a place called Aztlan, somewhere in North or North west Mexico. Sometime in the 12th century they embarked on a period of wander- ing and in the 13th century settled in the valley of central Mexico. About 1345 they founded the town of Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs of Tenochtitlan ruled by Montezuma II became the greatest power in Mexico. The city of Tenochtitlan formed an alliance with the neighboring cities of Texcoco and Tlacopan but later became the dominant partner and gained total control of the entire valley.Conquering city after city, Moctezuma and his warrior empire took food, luxury goods, exotic raw materials and war captives. The prisoners of war were saved for sacrifices to the gods. Embarking on a journey of his own in search of gold, General Hernando Cortes lead his group of Spanish troops into the path of the powerful Moctezuma monarchy. After meeting face to face, both men seemingly viewed the other with mutual respect after a friendly exchange of greetings. Trust was not to be gained quite as easily as each leader kept their warriors on constant alert.Even after General Cortes and his troops were settled into luxurious apartments and given a sumptuous meal, they remained very cautious. By placing their cannon into position and readying the cavalry and infantry, they could be ready in a moment s notice. Moctezuma remained alert as well, and had even gone so far as to have his secret room of riches and treasures cemented. He was still uncertain as to whether Cortes was god or man, friend or foe. There is no doubt that the Spaniards viewed Montezuma as mighty, great and wise.I m certain they were astonished and awed over his great fortune, works of gold, jewels, magnificent arts, architecture, and the like. He was definitely not lacking in pomp and splendor. Everything Montezuma owned was excessive and everything he did was carried to the extreme. He su rrounded himself with guards, servants and beautiful women. Great respect was shown to him even though all of his empire did not think he was deserving of it. Cortes and his men surely did not agree with Moctezuma s political ways.He controlled conquered people and his empire was held together by mere force rather than loyalty. The state controlled every aspect of life. Of course, Cortes himself was a conqueror, but his people were not controlled and forced as the Aztecs were. Many of the Aztec people looked upon the Spaniards with curiosity. They did not know how to judge these strange people. Some thought Cortes to be the legendary ruler Quetzalcoatl, whose return to earth had been prophesied. In fact, that may be the only reason Cortes was not met with stronger initial opposition.The Aztecs also resented the kindness and favors their king bestowed upon the general and his men. The Spaniards had freedom that they did not, so I m sure that they viewed them with envy. If they had sp oken out against their king, it would have meant instant death. Other people of the Aztec empire saw the Spaniards as powerful allies against Moctezuma and his imposed rule. Many of the Amerindian people had already began to form allies with Cortes on his way into the capital city of Tenochtitlan. In Aztec Mexico, religion was ever present.The Aztecs worshipped a multitude of gods, each of whom demanded offerings and sacrifices. They considered themselves the chosen people of Huitzilopochtli, the sun and war god, in whose name they were destined to conquer all rival nations. Huitzilopochtli occupied the main temple at Tenochtitlan. He was worshipped daily with offerings of human blood and fresh throbbing hearts, torn from the bodies of sacrificial victims. It was during a tour of the temple that General Cortes tried to convey to Moctezuma that he was being deluded by his idols of evil.Cortes request to erect an image of the Virgin Mary was angrily denied. The Europeans very much bel ieved in the Christian religion and were totally appalled by the Aztec customs. They earnestly wanted permission to build a church there and introduce Christianity. After days of watching the Aztec people build an almost humanlike statue of their sun and war god, the Spanish troops were provoked into an attack. Their mission all along was to invade and assault the Aztec empire, but it was momentarily put on hold when Moctezuma welcomed them.The Spaniards chose to capture Moctezuma and attack the Aztecs during their annual festival of worship and sacrifice to their gods. This festival was equivalent to the Christian version of the Easter holiday. The Spaniards caught the Aztecs off guard and immediately slaughtered many warriors, but the Aztecs quickly revolted against the invaders and killed 53 Spanish prisoners for sacrifice. Moctezuma was killed in the uprising. Cortes, with new troops from Cuba, along with the aid of thousands of Indian allies, finally conquered the Aztec in 1521 .Legend would have us believe that Hernando Cortes was totally ruthless and did nothing but conquer, rape and plunder (rather than trade), but eye witness accounts of the Aztec conquest are few. Some say the conquest was a bloody massacre, others say it was a glorious conquest. Seemingly during that era of time, it was every man for himself. Personally, I do not think Cortes had much of a choice once he was inside the empire because Moctezuma would have inevitably come after him. He could have chosen not to go but, at that time it was take or be taken.Their is no easy way to wage war and under the circumstances Cortes probably did just as other warriors before him had done. The Aztec empire collapsed almost instantly after the conquest. The warriors and noblemen who were not killed immediately died later from rampant smallpox and other diseases. The conquest of the Aztecs marked a significant period for the Spanish. It opened new doors by broadening economic and political gain. In s hort, the European expansion paved the way for a new age, a new beginning, and a major turning point in history.

Obesity in children Essay

Introduction Childhood obesity is a major problem not only nationally but locally as well. Childhood obesity is a doorway to other major issues children suffer from in today’s society such as bullying, and is the major contributor to health related issues not only as a child but issues that will haunt their health in their future endeavors. Let’s Move is a fantastic campaign that brings awareness to the epidemic that is childhood obesity. Attention Getter As Americans we strive to create and maintain a family it’s in our DNA. The whole idea behind having children is to strive to make their lives as fulfilled and as joyous as possible, so how can we possibly look the other way when our children are choosing Xbox and chips over a nice home cooked meal and a game of neighborhood tag. Thesis Statement Over the past three decades the American rate for Childhood Obesity has astoundingly tripled. Today one in three children are deemed overweight or obese. The first step to solving this problem is recognizing it as an epidemic that is hitting OUR children. If we don’t solve this problem nearly one third of all children born in 2000 or later will suffer from diabetes at some point in their lives. Many others will face chronic obesity-related health problems like heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, and asthma. Presenter Credibility I am by no means a pediatrician or an expert in child rearing. I have no children of my own yet, but I absolutely cannot wait to one day be a mom. All I know is what it’s like to chubby kid growing up and what it’s like to live life unhealthy and unhappy. Now that I’m older I can see ways that my healthy lifestyle is directly related to my mood. Statement of Motivation We are a country that undoubtedly love our children but somehow love has turned into overindulging and over caudling an issue that some just push under the rug to keep children happy; When in turn happiness through cookies will turn to bullying, health issues, and low self-esteem. It’s time to reevaluate how we make our children happy. Preview Thirty years ago, kids ate just one snack a day, whereas now they are trending toward three snacks, resulting in an additional 200 calories a  day. Portion sizes have also exploded. In total, we are now eating 31 percent more calories than we were forty years ago–including 56 percent more fats and oils and 14 percent more sugars and sweeteners. The average American now eats fifteen more pounds of sugar a year than in 1970. Eight to 18-year old adolescents spend an average of 7.5 hours a day using entertainment media, including, TV, computers, video games, cell phones and movies, and only one-third of high school students get the recommended levels of physical activity needed to burn half of these calories. This is terrible news for our kids, we should wake up and fix things before the somehow get worse than what they already are.

Is Religion An Effective Deterrent Against Juvenile...

Research Question(s): Is religion an effective deterrent against juvenile delinquency? If not then what are other effective deterrents? Intro: Children are characterized as being innocent or at least not responsible for their action since science shows that their brains are not yet fully formed. Despite this belief, there exists a branch of the criminal justice system that deals with juvenile offenders. There is much speculation about what causes children to go down a criminal path and if there are any areas of their lives that can be focused on in order to serve as a deterrence to that path. One such path is religion and we will see if it has the capability to act as a deterrent, and if not then what other factors can be examined. Proverbs 22:6 (The New King James Version) reads â€Å"train up a child the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.† Though this is taken from a religious scripture, it is also a common-held belief that the things we teach our children, like saying please and thank you, honesty is the best policy and that sharing is caring, will remain with them as they get older and will guide them. But what happens if the lessons they learn from their families is not enough and they do depart? What is it that can bring them back? Part one: religion as a deterrent There are mixed and often contradictory conclusions about the correlation between religion and reducing delinquency. In the 1969 article â€Å"Hellfire and Delinquency†, StarkShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesfoetus. P. 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Exemplification Essay Mixing of Religion and the State

We have based the very existence of our country on the belief that complete separation of church and state is best for the church and is best for the state. However, throughout history the roles between religion and American public life remain interwoven and continue to shape our beliefs and values. In order to begin to understand the role of religion in American public life, one must first recognize that religion is present in many aspects of ones life. Even though the United States Constitution provides for separation of religion and government, most aspects of government include religion as a basis for its operating procedures. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives begin each session with prayer. Another example of the†¦show more content†¦Student attendance was voluntary. Some people thought it was wrong for the principal to allow the students to hold the assembly and to actively participate in it as well; they believed that this was violating the law. However, having this assembly at school changed many students outlook on life (Biema). Inviting other religious leaders to explain their beliefs might also have been beneficial. As a nation whose motto is, In God We Trust, public schools should welcome the opportunity of teaching different religions in healthy and wholesome ways without fear of violating the First Amendment. Members of the Religious Liberty, Public Education, and the Future of American Democracy developed six categories explaining what they thought were some conflicts between religion and education. Their statements were based on the First Amendment. One of these categories suggests that public schools should not try to force religion, but schools should not punish those who wish to pray at school either. Schools need to treat an individual with respect and honor their religious beliefs (StatementsÉ). Students in public schools have the right to say grace before a meal and to read Scriptures from The Bible or read from other religious sources. The students can also try to persuade their peers about religious activities, but school officials must intervene if the conversation becomes harassment. It is perfectlyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Starbucks s Supply Chain Management Essay - 1904 Words

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Positive Behavior Support Plan

Question: Discuss about the Positive Behavior Support Plan. Answer: Introduction From the case study, we see that Stephen is more of an outdoor person that an indoor one. This is shown by the fact that he enjoys all physical sports activities with examples of dirty biking and the NRL games in general. He also depicts sensitiveness to social and well-being of others. Sociable depicts a scenario in which a person is able and willing to relate to others despite their economic, religion, tribe and social status. The study case shows that Stephen is quick to offer assistance to the teachers and youngers students whenever the need arises. The theme of sociability is also shown by the fact that he works well with peer partners (Luiselli et al. 2005). The case study also depicts that despite the fact that he is sociable, this is only limited to the selected few as he has few friend only of whom share his interest. Intelligence has not been one of Stephens strong points. Intelligence can be described as an act of any person to obtain and exercise the skills and knowledge that they have to learn with no apparent difficulties. We are told that Stephen has difficulty in interpretation, selection of relevant details from given information, problem-solving, a problem with creating a sequence of ideas and abstract thinking. This all point to the fact that his intelligence capacity is below average. Brook also has extensive moral decay behavior. A phrase used to describe a fall in the moral behavior of a person. This is depicted by the fact that he engages in serious problematic behaviors such as kicking, hitting and spitting to fellow students. The fact that he swears and yells at other students shows that he is arrogant and can engage i n any activity and fold a blind eye on the consequences. This is in fact shown when he recruits other students to refuse to do work and leave the classroom after which he usually leaves the classroom abruptly and wanders around the school grounds (Sarafino, 2001). An Operational Definition of the Target Behavior The targeted behavior to be worked in Stephen is moral decay. Stephen has a moral decay by the fact that he fails to uphold virtues in his practices. The fact that he spits, kicks and hits other students shows that he is morally unstable. He also does lack morals when he calls at other students and his teachers and disrupts the normal studying environment. After which he just walks out and wonders about the school grounds. Stephen shows excessive pride and offensive displays of superiority. In cases where he yells and swears to other students, the teaching staff and disrupts learning progress by poking and calling to other students his teachers shows that he doesn't care about the learning process and he is capable of doing worse. Arrogance is also depicted when he prides himself on not doing school work and tries to recruit other students refusing to work with him. After which he leaves the classroom and wanders around the school compound (Carr et al. 2008). Overview of the strategies to support the implementation of the plan within the School Setting To foster the implementation of behavioral change in Stephen, strategies have to be put in place by the teacher to aid in his change. This will help Stephen in behavior modification and also bring peace in harmony and the school and the school setting. The support plan for Stephen's behavior should be carefully selected to suit his particular behavior. There should be the concept of openness in an attempt to make him speak and explain why he does the things he does. Is it peer pressure, lack of interest or just boredom. Several posts of problem-solving technique should be put in place, and the best that suits him should be applied. Then there is the evaluation of the results to see if the solution put in place is bearing any fruits(Abraham, Michie, 2008). These will include steps such as; Seeking of information; in this step the I will focus my attention on listening to Stephen. This indeed will give me a clue as to why Stephen behaves the way he does. It will also provide an opportunity for us to bond. And this bonding is important as it creates trust between the two. And whenever there is trust there is openness. Hence the willingness to share. I should be prepared with a set of questions to ask Stephen. This test the understanding of Stephen to such context as good morals behavior, his take on being nice to others, knowing whether inflicting pain to others makes him happy and whether he has a belief in religion and societal, cultural practices that fuel the practice of good behavior (Sugai, Horner, 2002). Actual problem solving; in this step, I will try and devise a means to change his thinking and help him work towards a positive behavior practice. I will understand what makes him behave the way he does, provide him with the possible shot coming he will encounter if he is to get a bad recommendation for his behavior and provide him with a working plan for his behavior that he can use to help him improve. Trying out a solution; this is by suggesting the various techniques he sees that would fit with his behavior modification. And encouraging him to practice them so that he can attain the best. Evaluation; I would encourage him to continuously evaluate himself by recording daily events in a diary. By so doing he could have a reference to his progress and see where he went wrong and when and try never to do it again in case a similar challenge presents itself to him again (Bambara, Knoster, 2009). Completed Positive Behaviour Support Plan The support plan should include the following steps; Seeking of Information Seeking information is mainly where we create a rapport with Stephen and try to make him open up. This will help us understand why he does the things that he do from his point of view. That will help me understand the source of the problem and a better way to help him. The following guideline will make me achieve the above. Creating Stephens Confidence My first step in problem solving will aim at winning Stephen's trust in me. I will engage him in conversation. Inform him of his strong personality of helping the younger students and the teachers when the need arises. This will act as a pacesetter for Stephen's problem-solving process. I will develop his mind and psychologically people who have trust in their psychologist are more willing to open up to the compared to when there are fear and enmity between them. An incidence of just dropping a bombshell on them of their bad behavior will make them shy away from confidence as opposed to softly speaking and understanding the causal agent. Listening and Recording of Information In this step, I will mainly focus on listening to Stephen's point of view when it comes to the behavior he has been displaying. Helped by a set of questions I had prepared I will determine his take on his behavior and compare the will good quality behavior. I will also compare his behavior to one of his fellow students and determine what he thinks about his/her character and whether it is possible for him to enumerate the same. Actual Problem-Solving In the actual problem-solving step process would be efficient for Stephen to help him solve his problems. These are; Proper Understanding the Problem Here I will encourage Stephen to explain to me why he is doing all that he does. I will try and figure out what is his point of view when it comes to discipline and following of the school rules and regulations. I will want to see what are his interest and because he is so much into outdoor activities how can I incorporate the two to make classroom environment more appealing to his as the field experience. I will also let Stephen describe the problem in his words and since I have experience in problem-solving some factors leads to this kind of behavior like peer pressure, unsettled issues in the family, media influence among others (Sugai et al. 2000). Description of Possible Barriers in Future In this stage, I will inform Stephen that despite the fact that he is so good in outdoors activities his behavior may be a hindrance to his success in future. I could introduce an example of a hindrance such as a bad recommendation letter from the headteacher stating his poor relationship with fellow students and teachers. This could kill his dream as a player and may lead to loss of a potential job in any sporting club. I will encourage Stephen to verbalize these impediments because it acts as a major stepping stone to behavioral change for the best (Metzler et al. 2001). Identification of a Solution Upon initializing the problem itself and the various causes and effect its can have to him in future, I would let him name some solution he can come up with to solve his problem. I could also introduce several problems solving techniques and let him choose what best suits him (Hetzroni, 2003). Trying out a Solution After Stephen has selected a working solution that he thinks will work better for him, I will encourage him to keep a record of his progress. This should be kept up to date with the challenges he faced and the solutions he made either good or bad. He should practice honesty while doing this and keep precise documentation on his progress. I would also encourage him to work through a certain selected strategy until he can see a change in his behavior (McAtee et al. 2004). Evaluation of the Results To measure the progress in his behavioral change, he should look back at the decisions he made over certain stimuli. He should have a close look at the diary he had been keeping for clarity as it contains all events he has been through. He should assess whether he is making any progress with the process or just none. He should also devise a means to scale his outcome based on the decision he made to represent it graphically and see whether he is making progress or not. He should get the data in his diary as below. No: of Days Positive Behavior Score Negative Behavior score 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 4 3 3 5 3 2 6 3 5 7 4 2 8 4 1 9 5 3 10 6 2 11 6 5 12 8 4 13 7 3 14 9 3 15 10 2 16 9 4 17 8 1 18 9 5 19 8 3 20 9 2 21 8 2 22 8 3 23 9 4 24 10 2 25 10 3 26 9 1 27 10 2 28 9 4 29 10 2 30 10 3 The graphical representation of his progress should be based on whether there is an improvement a deterioration or just nothing is happening. The following graph represents an example of a positive behavioral change (Miltenberger, 2011). In this incidence, he should keep up and continue using the behavioral modification strategy as it is bearing good results. He could also modify it when need arises in case he is faced upon by a stimulus that requires his undivided attention towards making a choice regarding the ethical beliefs (Sanetti et al. 2007). A negative behavioral change represents no change in the original behavior of a subject. In the case of the diary score the graph produced does not show an improvement of his behavior towards the best then he should totally abandon the technique and adopt another that will bear more fruits. A negative behavioral graph shown below shows that there is little or no progress whatsoever and the little high score that Stephen scored is from his initial good behavior of helping younger students and teachers when the need arises (Martin, Pear, 2015). Conclusion Stephen is a good student. The fact that he helps his fellow students and pupils shows that he still has some good in himself. And the fact that he is a good team player and loves outdoor activities proves that he is a social person. With proper implementation of the behavior modification support plan such as the understanding why he does the bad things and the adoption of a practical behavioral change plan will make him have a positive improvement in his behaviors, and this will have a positive impact not only on the outdoor activities nut also in class and in relation to his fellow students who really don't share his interests (Kraemer et al. 2008). Reference Abraham, C., Michie, S. (2008). A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology, 27(3), 379. Bambara, L. M., Knoster, T. P. (2009). Designing positive behavior supports plans. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 444 North Capitol Street NW Suite 846, Washington, DC 20001. Carr, E. G., Ladd, M. V., Schulte, C. F. (2008). Validation of the Contextual Assessment Inventory for problem behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 10(2), 91-104. Hetzroni, O. E. (2003). A positive behavior support: a preliminary evaluation of a schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ wide plan for implementing AAC in a school for students with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 28(3), 283-296. Kraemer, B. R., Cook, C. R., Browning-Wright, D., Mayer, G. R., Wallace, M. D. (2008). Effects of training on the use of the behavior support plan quality evaluation guide with autism educators a preliminary investigation examining positive behavior support plans. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 10(3), 179-189. Luiselli, J. K., Putnam, R. F., Handler, M. W., Feinberg, A. B. (2005). Wholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ school positive behavior supports effects on student discipline problems and academic performance. Educational Psychology, 25(2-3), 183-198. Martin, G., Pear, J. J. (2015). Behavior modification: What it is and how to do it. Psychology Press. McAtee, M., Carr, E. G., Schulte, C., Dunlap, G. (2004). A Contextual Assessment Inventory for Problem Behavior Initial Development. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6(3), 148-165. McClean, B., Grey, I. (2012). A component analysis of positive behavior supports plans. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37(3), 221-231. Metzler, C. W., Biglan, A., Rusby, J. C., Sprague, J. R. (2001). Evaluation of a comprehensive behavior management program to improve school-wide positive behavior support. Education and Treatment of Children, 448-479. Miltenberger, R. G. (2011). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures. Cengage Learning. Sanetti, L. M. H., Luiselli, J. K., Handler, M. W. (2007). Effects of verbal and graphic performance feedback on behavior support plan implementation in a public elementary school. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 454-465. Sarafino, E. P. (2001). Behavior modification. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Sugai, G., Horner, R. (2002). The evolution of discipline practices: School-wide positive behavior supports. Child Family Behavior Therapy, 24(1-2), 23-50. Sugai, G., Horner, R. H., Dunlap, G., Hieneman, M., Lewis, T. J., Nelson, C. M., ... Turnbull, H. R. (2000). Applying positive behavior support and functional behavioral assessment in schools. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(3), 131-143.