Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The people known as the Aztecs (who referred to themselves as the Mexica or Tenocha) originated from a place called Aztlan, somewhere in North or North west Mexico. Sometime in the 12th century they embarked on a period of wander- ing and in the 13th century settled in the valley of central Mexico. About 1345 they founded the town of Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs of Tenochtitlan ruled by Montezuma II became the greatest power in Mexico. The city of Tenochtitlan formed an alliance with the neighboring cities of Texcoco and Tlacopan but later became the dominant partner and gained total control of the entire valley.Conquering city after city, Moctezuma and his warrior empire took food, luxury goods, exotic raw materials and war captives. The prisoners of war were saved for sacrifices to the gods. Embarking on a journey of his own in search of gold, General Hernando Cortes lead his group of Spanish troops into the path of the powerful Moctezuma monarchy. After meeting face to face, both men seemingly viewed the other with mutual respect after a friendly exchange of greetings. Trust was not to be gained quite as easily as each leader kept their warriors on constant alert.Even after General Cortes and his troops were settled into luxurious apartments and given a sumptuous meal, they remained very cautious. By placing their cannon into position and readying the cavalry and infantry, they could be ready in a moment s notice. Moctezuma remained alert as well, and had even gone so far as to have his secret room of riches and treasures cemented. He was still uncertain as to whether Cortes was god or man, friend or foe. There is no doubt that the Spaniards viewed Montezuma as mighty, great and wise.I m certain they were astonished and awed over his great fortune, works of gold, jewels, magnificent arts, architecture, and the like. He was definitely not lacking in pomp and splendor. Everything Montezuma owned was excessive and everything he did was carried to the extreme. He su rrounded himself with guards, servants and beautiful women. Great respect was shown to him even though all of his empire did not think he was deserving of it. Cortes and his men surely did not agree with Moctezuma s political ways.He controlled conquered people and his empire was held together by mere force rather than loyalty. The state controlled every aspect of life. Of course, Cortes himself was a conqueror, but his people were not controlled and forced as the Aztecs were. Many of the Aztec people looked upon the Spaniards with curiosity. They did not know how to judge these strange people. Some thought Cortes to be the legendary ruler Quetzalcoatl, whose return to earth had been prophesied. In fact, that may be the only reason Cortes was not met with stronger initial opposition.The Aztecs also resented the kindness and favors their king bestowed upon the general and his men. The Spaniards had freedom that they did not, so I m sure that they viewed them with envy. If they had sp oken out against their king, it would have meant instant death. Other people of the Aztec empire saw the Spaniards as powerful allies against Moctezuma and his imposed rule. Many of the Amerindian people had already began to form allies with Cortes on his way into the capital city of Tenochtitlan. In Aztec Mexico, religion was ever present.The Aztecs worshipped a multitude of gods, each of whom demanded offerings and sacrifices. They considered themselves the chosen people of Huitzilopochtli, the sun and war god, in whose name they were destined to conquer all rival nations. Huitzilopochtli occupied the main temple at Tenochtitlan. He was worshipped daily with offerings of human blood and fresh throbbing hearts, torn from the bodies of sacrificial victims. It was during a tour of the temple that General Cortes tried to convey to Moctezuma that he was being deluded by his idols of evil.Cortes request to erect an image of the Virgin Mary was angrily denied. The Europeans very much bel ieved in the Christian religion and were totally appalled by the Aztec customs. They earnestly wanted permission to build a church there and introduce Christianity. After days of watching the Aztec people build an almost humanlike statue of their sun and war god, the Spanish troops were provoked into an attack. Their mission all along was to invade and assault the Aztec empire, but it was momentarily put on hold when Moctezuma welcomed them.The Spaniards chose to capture Moctezuma and attack the Aztecs during their annual festival of worship and sacrifice to their gods. This festival was equivalent to the Christian version of the Easter holiday. The Spaniards caught the Aztecs off guard and immediately slaughtered many warriors, but the Aztecs quickly revolted against the invaders and killed 53 Spanish prisoners for sacrifice. Moctezuma was killed in the uprising. Cortes, with new troops from Cuba, along with the aid of thousands of Indian allies, finally conquered the Aztec in 1521 .Legend would have us believe that Hernando Cortes was totally ruthless and did nothing but conquer, rape and plunder (rather than trade), but eye witness accounts of the Aztec conquest are few. Some say the conquest was a bloody massacre, others say it was a glorious conquest. Seemingly during that era of time, it was every man for himself. Personally, I do not think Cortes had much of a choice once he was inside the empire because Moctezuma would have inevitably come after him. He could have chosen not to go but, at that time it was take or be taken.Their is no easy way to wage war and under the circumstances Cortes probably did just as other warriors before him had done. The Aztec empire collapsed almost instantly after the conquest. The warriors and noblemen who were not killed immediately died later from rampant smallpox and other diseases. The conquest of the Aztecs marked a significant period for the Spanish. It opened new doors by broadening economic and political gain. In s hort, the European expansion paved the way for a new age, a new beginning, and a major turning point in history.

Obesity in children Essay

Introduction Childhood obesity is a major problem not only nationally but locally as well. Childhood obesity is a doorway to other major issues children suffer from in today’s society such as bullying, and is the major contributor to health related issues not only as a child but issues that will haunt their health in their future endeavors. Let’s Move is a fantastic campaign that brings awareness to the epidemic that is childhood obesity. Attention Getter As Americans we strive to create and maintain a family it’s in our DNA. The whole idea behind having children is to strive to make their lives as fulfilled and as joyous as possible, so how can we possibly look the other way when our children are choosing Xbox and chips over a nice home cooked meal and a game of neighborhood tag. Thesis Statement Over the past three decades the American rate for Childhood Obesity has astoundingly tripled. Today one in three children are deemed overweight or obese. The first step to solving this problem is recognizing it as an epidemic that is hitting OUR children. If we don’t solve this problem nearly one third of all children born in 2000 or later will suffer from diabetes at some point in their lives. Many others will face chronic obesity-related health problems like heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, and asthma. Presenter Credibility I am by no means a pediatrician or an expert in child rearing. I have no children of my own yet, but I absolutely cannot wait to one day be a mom. All I know is what it’s like to chubby kid growing up and what it’s like to live life unhealthy and unhappy. Now that I’m older I can see ways that my healthy lifestyle is directly related to my mood. Statement of Motivation We are a country that undoubtedly love our children but somehow love has turned into overindulging and over caudling an issue that some just push under the rug to keep children happy; When in turn happiness through cookies will turn to bullying, health issues, and low self-esteem. It’s time to reevaluate how we make our children happy. Preview Thirty years ago, kids ate just one snack a day, whereas now they are trending toward three snacks, resulting in an additional 200 calories a  day. Portion sizes have also exploded. In total, we are now eating 31 percent more calories than we were forty years ago–including 56 percent more fats and oils and 14 percent more sugars and sweeteners. The average American now eats fifteen more pounds of sugar a year than in 1970. Eight to 18-year old adolescents spend an average of 7.5 hours a day using entertainment media, including, TV, computers, video games, cell phones and movies, and only one-third of high school students get the recommended levels of physical activity needed to burn half of these calories. This is terrible news for our kids, we should wake up and fix things before the somehow get worse than what they already are.

Is Religion An Effective Deterrent Against Juvenile...

Research Question(s): Is religion an effective deterrent against juvenile delinquency? If not then what are other effective deterrents? Intro: Children are characterized as being innocent or at least not responsible for their action since science shows that their brains are not yet fully formed. Despite this belief, there exists a branch of the criminal justice system that deals with juvenile offenders. There is much speculation about what causes children to go down a criminal path and if there are any areas of their lives that can be focused on in order to serve as a deterrence to that path. One such path is religion and we will see if it has the capability to act as a deterrent, and if not then what other factors can be examined. Proverbs 22:6 (The New King James Version) reads â€Å"train up a child the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.† Though this is taken from a religious scripture, it is also a common-held belief that the things we teach our children, like saying please and thank you, honesty is the best policy and that sharing is caring, will remain with them as they get older and will guide them. But what happens if the lessons they learn from their families is not enough and they do depart? What is it that can bring them back? Part one: religion as a deterrent There are mixed and often contradictory conclusions about the correlation between religion and reducing delinquency. In the 1969 article â€Å"Hellfire and Delinquency†, StarkShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesfoetus. P. Gadd Human and Sociology, pg. 214 EXPLAIN THREE WAYS IN WHICH THE SPREAD OF VENEREAL DISEASE COULD BE CONTROLLED * Attend special clinics set up to provide treatment at the first suggestion of any infection, treatment may be more effective if detected at an early stage. * Trace all the sexual contacts and inform them of the likelihood of infection. This will help to minimise the spread of the infection. * Early treatment as we have seen is essential both to prevent serious damageRead MoreSocial Problems Among Youth in Malaysia9333 Words   |  38 Pagesamong youth in Malaysia did not get a serious attention from the public. Therefore, the findings of this study are to help in raising the awareness of the public towards the issue. Furthermore, it is also to help the local authority to come out with effective strategies in combating the issue. With this, it will help in building a healthy youth for our country. 1.7 Scope of the Study In Malaysia, social problems among youth are increasing seriously nowadays, which was initiated by governments. The issuesRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 Pageshave come under increasing attack from various sides representing the entire left and right political spectrum, purportedly for their explicit sexual and violent lyrical contents. In this paper is investigated which moral codes underlie these claims against popular music, how social movements mobilize actions around these claims, and the way in which they are manifested in mechanisms of control targeted at rap and rock music. Moreover, I explore how the performers and fans of these musical styles haveRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagessocioeconomic shifts that represented watershed transformations in where humans lived, how th ey earned their livings, and their unprecedented ability to move about the globe. Moya and McKeown set the patterns of migration in the twentieth century against those extending back millennia, and they compare in imaginative ways the similarities and differences among diverse flows in different geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volumeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 Supplement C Conducting Meetings 651 AppendixRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pageswindshields. Over a four-year period, the number of repaired windshields rose from 5% to 28%. c. How does the image-processing system at USAA add value to the organization? The system adds value by streamlining business processes and making them more effective and efficient. Before the image-processing system was installed, policy service representatives had to work with paper documents. Customer files were often missing or incomplete and documents were misfiled. The result was delays, multiple phone

Exemplification Essay Mixing of Religion and the State

We have based the very existence of our country on the belief that complete separation of church and state is best for the church and is best for the state. However, throughout history the roles between religion and American public life remain interwoven and continue to shape our beliefs and values. In order to begin to understand the role of religion in American public life, one must first recognize that religion is present in many aspects of ones life. Even though the United States Constitution provides for separation of religion and government, most aspects of government include religion as a basis for its operating procedures. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives begin each session with prayer. Another example of the†¦show more content†¦Student attendance was voluntary. Some people thought it was wrong for the principal to allow the students to hold the assembly and to actively participate in it as well; they believed that this was violating the law. However, having this assembly at school changed many students outlook on life (Biema). Inviting other religious leaders to explain their beliefs might also have been beneficial. As a nation whose motto is, In God We Trust, public schools should welcome the opportunity of teaching different religions in healthy and wholesome ways without fear of violating the First Amendment. Members of the Religious Liberty, Public Education, and the Future of American Democracy developed six categories explaining what they thought were some conflicts between religion and education. Their statements were based on the First Amendment. One of these categories suggests that public schools should not try to force religion, but schools should not punish those who wish to pray at school either. Schools need to treat an individual with respect and honor their religious beliefs (StatementsÉ). Students in public schools have the right to say grace before a meal and to read Scriptures from The Bible or read from other religious sources. The students can also try to persuade their peers about religious activities, but school officials must intervene if the conversation becomes harassment. It is perfectlyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Starbucks s Supply Chain Management Essay - 1904 Words

Many complex and more diverse decisions confront supply chain managers on a regular basis: what would be more efficient to manufacture in-house or to outsource; what new channels to implement that it would benefit their customers and suppliers, or how all new technologies, platforms, and practices have to be aligned to enable real-time supply chains. Current information technology reduced outsourcing transaction costs drastically, enabled companies to an increased supervision and control over offsite work, and outsourcing services can deliver faster and more convenient, but technology alone is not the solution. If a company decides to embrace changes in business processes and business culture, those changes can support a long way toward delivering a better product for less money. Complex sphere of activities in many countries is not relevant anymore because a massive number of activities outsourced became commonplace, a new normal. To support this statement, I would like to present Starbucks supply chain reorganization started in late 2008. The initials first step was to simplify a complex structure in four essential supply chain functions. Every supply chain job fell in plan, source, make, and deliver. If someone involved in production planning or replenishment or new product, was part of the planning department. Sourcing functions split between coffee and non-coffee procurement. At that time Starbucks spent in the average US $600 million on coffee a year and total USShow MoreRelatedStarbucks s Supply Chain Spans Across Nineteen Different Countries1118 Words   |  5 PagesStarbucks 3 Starbucks’ supply chain spans across nineteen different countries. This allows them to have quality raw materials, which are then shipped to one of six roasting, manufacturing, and packaging plants. This centralized system allows Starbucks to run a very effective supply chain and have direct input on their productsRead MoreSupply Chain Management1730 Words   |  7 PagesSTARBUCKS IT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT This is a case that illustrates several facets at once: Globalization Rapid Expansion, Supply Chain Management, ERP Implementation, and IT Infrastructure. This case takes place in 1997. Introduction You have to admire the enthusiasm of Starbucks employees. Store managers have been known to stuff sacks of coffee beans into their cars and race over to help out other stores running low. Exceptional customer service, but certainly no way to run a businessRead MoreSupply Chain Management at Starbucks Coffee1854 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain Management at Starbucks Coffee: Grinding Away at the Logistics Problems Brewing Company Issues and Concerns With a supply and distribution network that is truly global in scope at both ends deriving raw materials (i.e. coffee beans and other basic materials) globally and with a vast international retail empire supply chain management is without question an area of major concern for Starbucks. Clearly the company has been successful in its management thus far, having grown enormouslyRead MoreThe Strategic Management of Starbucks962 Words   |  4 PagesStarbucks Strategic Management How Globalization and Technology Changes Impact Starbucks Globalization and the rapid evolution of technologies are making the Starbucks value chain more demand-driven and customer-focused than it has ever been. Starbucks is unique in that its new product development pipeline is perpetual; it continues between northern and southern hemispheres continually, fuelling new drinks and food products (Starbucks Investor Relations, 2012). Globalization continues to beRead MoreStarbucks Supply Chain1400 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks Starbucks Corporation is an international coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 19,435 stores in 58 countries, including 12,781 in the United States, 1,241 in Canada, 1,062 in Japan, 976 in Great Britain and 645 in China. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, other hot and cold drinks, coffee beans, salads, hot and cold sandwiches and panini, pastries, snacks, and itemsRead MoreInformation Management Systems ( Ims ) Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesInformation Management System (IMS) refers to a database that integrates financial and other information in organizations from different levels of management and produces regular reports. Starbucks is one of the firms that have implemented IMS. This paper describes IMS for Starbucks, its impact on competitive edge and how it helps to coordinate supply chain partners and to monitor inventory levels. The paper also explains why managing information is better than moving products. Starbuck s IMS StarbucksRead MoreGap Analysis : Starbucks s Outsourcing Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagesorder to improve the current supply chain system of Starbucks, Gap analysis providing the new sight of improvement plan. Current situation Expectations or best process Ways of improvement Barriers of implementation Starbucks’s outsourcing is too high, 65-70% supply chain cost goes to transportation Reducing the cost of transportation Manage world logistic in one system.1. Planning group simplify the job into basic supply chain functions, reorganized the supply chain by separate it in two parts:Read MoreStarbucks Srategy913 Words   |  4 Pages1) Starbucks used mostly a differentiation strategy, however it had also used a cost leadership strategy. Its differentiation strategy was exemplified by their stores providing an experience, offering interesting coffee-related drinks in a theatrical kind of atmosphere, their unique Coffee blending and roasting process which enabled them to create an extensive product variety, their employees received great deal of training to become very knowledgeable about coffee in order to provide an exceptionalRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Matrix1371 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal opportunities and threats facing a company and matches them up to the internal strengths and weaknesses, to give the company four possible strategic alternatives (Hunger, Wheelen, 2011, p. 77). As discussed previously, a major concern for Starbucks is their need for growth in foreign markets, and their education of the foreign markets, needs wants and expectations. According to the TOWS matrix, an alternative Strength Opportunity (SO) Strategy is to utilize the company’s ethical values andRead MoreStrategic Management : Mission And Objectives1176 Words   |  5 Pagesremain diligent in their strategic management. Review of Mission and Objectives According to all three summary analysis tools that have been utilized, the EFAs, IFAS, and the SFAS, these tools indicate that Starbucks understand what their mission, vision and goals are. They also understand that they need to continually assess where their current strategic plan is placing them in their market and what weaknesses and threats continuously remain for them. Starbucks understands that with corporate

Positive Behavior Support Plan

Question: Discuss about the Positive Behavior Support Plan. Answer: Introduction From the case study, we see that Stephen is more of an outdoor person that an indoor one. This is shown by the fact that he enjoys all physical sports activities with examples of dirty biking and the NRL games in general. He also depicts sensitiveness to social and well-being of others. Sociable depicts a scenario in which a person is able and willing to relate to others despite their economic, religion, tribe and social status. The study case shows that Stephen is quick to offer assistance to the teachers and youngers students whenever the need arises. The theme of sociability is also shown by the fact that he works well with peer partners (Luiselli et al. 2005). The case study also depicts that despite the fact that he is sociable, this is only limited to the selected few as he has few friend only of whom share his interest. Intelligence has not been one of Stephens strong points. Intelligence can be described as an act of any person to obtain and exercise the skills and knowledge that they have to learn with no apparent difficulties. We are told that Stephen has difficulty in interpretation, selection of relevant details from given information, problem-solving, a problem with creating a sequence of ideas and abstract thinking. This all point to the fact that his intelligence capacity is below average. Brook also has extensive moral decay behavior. A phrase used to describe a fall in the moral behavior of a person. This is depicted by the fact that he engages in serious problematic behaviors such as kicking, hitting and spitting to fellow students. The fact that he swears and yells at other students shows that he is arrogant and can engage i n any activity and fold a blind eye on the consequences. This is in fact shown when he recruits other students to refuse to do work and leave the classroom after which he usually leaves the classroom abruptly and wanders around the school grounds (Sarafino, 2001). An Operational Definition of the Target Behavior The targeted behavior to be worked in Stephen is moral decay. Stephen has a moral decay by the fact that he fails to uphold virtues in his practices. The fact that he spits, kicks and hits other students shows that he is morally unstable. He also does lack morals when he calls at other students and his teachers and disrupts the normal studying environment. After which he just walks out and wonders about the school grounds. Stephen shows excessive pride and offensive displays of superiority. In cases where he yells and swears to other students, the teaching staff and disrupts learning progress by poking and calling to other students his teachers shows that he doesn't care about the learning process and he is capable of doing worse. Arrogance is also depicted when he prides himself on not doing school work and tries to recruit other students refusing to work with him. After which he leaves the classroom and wanders around the school compound (Carr et al. 2008). Overview of the strategies to support the implementation of the plan within the School Setting To foster the implementation of behavioral change in Stephen, strategies have to be put in place by the teacher to aid in his change. This will help Stephen in behavior modification and also bring peace in harmony and the school and the school setting. The support plan for Stephen's behavior should be carefully selected to suit his particular behavior. There should be the concept of openness in an attempt to make him speak and explain why he does the things he does. Is it peer pressure, lack of interest or just boredom. Several posts of problem-solving technique should be put in place, and the best that suits him should be applied. Then there is the evaluation of the results to see if the solution put in place is bearing any fruits(Abraham, Michie, 2008). These will include steps such as; Seeking of information; in this step the I will focus my attention on listening to Stephen. This indeed will give me a clue as to why Stephen behaves the way he does. It will also provide an opportunity for us to bond. And this bonding is important as it creates trust between the two. And whenever there is trust there is openness. Hence the willingness to share. I should be prepared with a set of questions to ask Stephen. This test the understanding of Stephen to such context as good morals behavior, his take on being nice to others, knowing whether inflicting pain to others makes him happy and whether he has a belief in religion and societal, cultural practices that fuel the practice of good behavior (Sugai, Horner, 2002). Actual problem solving; in this step, I will try and devise a means to change his thinking and help him work towards a positive behavior practice. I will understand what makes him behave the way he does, provide him with the possible shot coming he will encounter if he is to get a bad recommendation for his behavior and provide him with a working plan for his behavior that he can use to help him improve. Trying out a solution; this is by suggesting the various techniques he sees that would fit with his behavior modification. And encouraging him to practice them so that he can attain the best. Evaluation; I would encourage him to continuously evaluate himself by recording daily events in a diary. By so doing he could have a reference to his progress and see where he went wrong and when and try never to do it again in case a similar challenge presents itself to him again (Bambara, Knoster, 2009). Completed Positive Behaviour Support Plan The support plan should include the following steps; Seeking of Information Seeking information is mainly where we create a rapport with Stephen and try to make him open up. This will help us understand why he does the things that he do from his point of view. That will help me understand the source of the problem and a better way to help him. The following guideline will make me achieve the above. Creating Stephens Confidence My first step in problem solving will aim at winning Stephen's trust in me. I will engage him in conversation. Inform him of his strong personality of helping the younger students and the teachers when the need arises. This will act as a pacesetter for Stephen's problem-solving process. I will develop his mind and psychologically people who have trust in their psychologist are more willing to open up to the compared to when there are fear and enmity between them. An incidence of just dropping a bombshell on them of their bad behavior will make them shy away from confidence as opposed to softly speaking and understanding the causal agent. Listening and Recording of Information In this step, I will mainly focus on listening to Stephen's point of view when it comes to the behavior he has been displaying. Helped by a set of questions I had prepared I will determine his take on his behavior and compare the will good quality behavior. I will also compare his behavior to one of his fellow students and determine what he thinks about his/her character and whether it is possible for him to enumerate the same. Actual Problem-Solving In the actual problem-solving step process would be efficient for Stephen to help him solve his problems. These are; Proper Understanding the Problem Here I will encourage Stephen to explain to me why he is doing all that he does. I will try and figure out what is his point of view when it comes to discipline and following of the school rules and regulations. I will want to see what are his interest and because he is so much into outdoor activities how can I incorporate the two to make classroom environment more appealing to his as the field experience. I will also let Stephen describe the problem in his words and since I have experience in problem-solving some factors leads to this kind of behavior like peer pressure, unsettled issues in the family, media influence among others (Sugai et al. 2000). Description of Possible Barriers in Future In this stage, I will inform Stephen that despite the fact that he is so good in outdoors activities his behavior may be a hindrance to his success in future. I could introduce an example of a hindrance such as a bad recommendation letter from the headteacher stating his poor relationship with fellow students and teachers. This could kill his dream as a player and may lead to loss of a potential job in any sporting club. I will encourage Stephen to verbalize these impediments because it acts as a major stepping stone to behavioral change for the best (Metzler et al. 2001). Identification of a Solution Upon initializing the problem itself and the various causes and effect its can have to him in future, I would let him name some solution he can come up with to solve his problem. I could also introduce several problems solving techniques and let him choose what best suits him (Hetzroni, 2003). Trying out a Solution After Stephen has selected a working solution that he thinks will work better for him, I will encourage him to keep a record of his progress. This should be kept up to date with the challenges he faced and the solutions he made either good or bad. He should practice honesty while doing this and keep precise documentation on his progress. I would also encourage him to work through a certain selected strategy until he can see a change in his behavior (McAtee et al. 2004). Evaluation of the Results To measure the progress in his behavioral change, he should look back at the decisions he made over certain stimuli. He should have a close look at the diary he had been keeping for clarity as it contains all events he has been through. He should assess whether he is making any progress with the process or just none. He should also devise a means to scale his outcome based on the decision he made to represent it graphically and see whether he is making progress or not. He should get the data in his diary as below. No: of Days Positive Behavior Score Negative Behavior score 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 4 3 3 5 3 2 6 3 5 7 4 2 8 4 1 9 5 3 10 6 2 11 6 5 12 8 4 13 7 3 14 9 3 15 10 2 16 9 4 17 8 1 18 9 5 19 8 3 20 9 2 21 8 2 22 8 3 23 9 4 24 10 2 25 10 3 26 9 1 27 10 2 28 9 4 29 10 2 30 10 3 The graphical representation of his progress should be based on whether there is an improvement a deterioration or just nothing is happening. The following graph represents an example of a positive behavioral change (Miltenberger, 2011). In this incidence, he should keep up and continue using the behavioral modification strategy as it is bearing good results. He could also modify it when need arises in case he is faced upon by a stimulus that requires his undivided attention towards making a choice regarding the ethical beliefs (Sanetti et al. 2007). A negative behavioral change represents no change in the original behavior of a subject. In the case of the diary score the graph produced does not show an improvement of his behavior towards the best then he should totally abandon the technique and adopt another that will bear more fruits. A negative behavioral graph shown below shows that there is little or no progress whatsoever and the little high score that Stephen scored is from his initial good behavior of helping younger students and teachers when the need arises (Martin, Pear, 2015). Conclusion Stephen is a good student. The fact that he helps his fellow students and pupils shows that he still has some good in himself. And the fact that he is a good team player and loves outdoor activities proves that he is a social person. With proper implementation of the behavior modification support plan such as the understanding why he does the bad things and the adoption of a practical behavioral change plan will make him have a positive improvement in his behaviors, and this will have a positive impact not only on the outdoor activities nut also in class and in relation to his fellow students who really don't share his interests (Kraemer et al. 2008). Reference Abraham, C., Michie, S. (2008). A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology, 27(3), 379. Bambara, L. M., Knoster, T. P. (2009). Designing positive behavior supports plans. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 444 North Capitol Street NW Suite 846, Washington, DC 20001. Carr, E. G., Ladd, M. V., Schulte, C. F. (2008). Validation of the Contextual Assessment Inventory for problem behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 10(2), 91-104. Hetzroni, O. E. (2003). A positive behavior support: a preliminary evaluation of a schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ wide plan for implementing AAC in a school for students with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 28(3), 283-296. Kraemer, B. R., Cook, C. R., Browning-Wright, D., Mayer, G. R., Wallace, M. D. (2008). Effects of training on the use of the behavior support plan quality evaluation guide with autism educators a preliminary investigation examining positive behavior support plans. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 10(3), 179-189. Luiselli, J. K., Putnam, R. F., Handler, M. W., Feinberg, A. B. (2005). Wholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ school positive behavior supports effects on student discipline problems and academic performance. Educational Psychology, 25(2-3), 183-198. Martin, G., Pear, J. J. (2015). Behavior modification: What it is and how to do it. Psychology Press. McAtee, M., Carr, E. G., Schulte, C., Dunlap, G. (2004). A Contextual Assessment Inventory for Problem Behavior Initial Development. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6(3), 148-165. McClean, B., Grey, I. (2012). A component analysis of positive behavior supports plans. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37(3), 221-231. Metzler, C. W., Biglan, A., Rusby, J. C., Sprague, J. R. (2001). Evaluation of a comprehensive behavior management program to improve school-wide positive behavior support. Education and Treatment of Children, 448-479. Miltenberger, R. G. (2011). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures. Cengage Learning. Sanetti, L. M. H., Luiselli, J. K., Handler, M. W. (2007). Effects of verbal and graphic performance feedback on behavior support plan implementation in a public elementary school. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 454-465. Sarafino, E. P. (2001). Behavior modification. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Sugai, G., Horner, R. (2002). The evolution of discipline practices: School-wide positive behavior supports. Child Family Behavior Therapy, 24(1-2), 23-50. Sugai, G., Horner, R. H., Dunlap, G., Hieneman, M., Lewis, T. J., Nelson, C. M., ... Turnbull, H. R. (2000). Applying positive behavior support and functional behavioral assessment in schools. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2(3), 131-143.

Why IQ Tests Dont Test Intelligence Essay Example For Students

Why IQ Tests Dont Test Intelligence Essay The task of trying to quantify a persons intelligence has been a goalof psychologists since before the beginning of this century. TheBinet-Simon scales were first proposed in 1905 in Paris, France andvarious sorts of tests have been evolving ever since. One of theimportant questions that always comes up regarding these tools is whatare the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a personsintelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Orjust some arbitrary quantity of the persons IQ? When examining thesituations around which these tests are given and the content of thetests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests maybe for standardizing a groups intellectual ability, they are not a goodindicator of intelligence. We will write a custom essay on Why IQ Tests Dont Test Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should bethe same for everyone involved. If anything has been learned from thepsychology of perception, it is clear that a persons environment has agreat deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the lightflickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is thetemperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in theworst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a persons mind,it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyonesbody is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is itexpected to get standardized results across all the subjects? Becauseof this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent oftheir environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot beviewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a personsintelligence. It is obvious that a persons intelligence stems from a variety oftraits. A few of these that are often tested are reading comprehension,vocabulary, and spatial relations. But this is not all that goes intoit. What about physical intelligence, conversational intelligence,social intelligence, survival intelligence, and the slew of others thatgo into everyday life? Why are these important traits not figured intointelligence tests? Granted, normal standardized tests certainly getpredictable results where academics are concerned, but they should notbe considered good indicators of general intelligence because of theglaring omissions they make in the testing process. To really gauge apersons intelligence, it would be necessary to put them through arigorous set of real-life trials and document their performance. Otherwise the standardized IQ tests of today are testing an extremelylimited quality of a persons character that can hardly be referred toas intelligence. For the sake of brevity, I will quickly mention a few other commoncriticisms of modern IQ tests. They have no way to compensate forcultural differences. People use different methods to solve problems. Peoples reading strategies differ. Speed is not always the best way totackle a problem. There is often too much emphasis placed onvocabulary. Each of these points warrants individual treatment, and formore information refer to The Triarchic Mind by RJ Sternberg (PenguinBooks, 1988, p18-36). It is possible to classify all the reasons that IQ tests fail at theirtask into two main groups. The first grouping is where the tests assumetoo much. Examples of this flaw are the assumption that speed is alwaysgood, vocabulary is a good indicator of intelligence, and that differenttest taking environments wont affect the outcome. The second groupingcomes because the tests gauge the wrong items. Examples of this aredifferent culture groups being asked to take the same tests as everyoneelse, and the fact that the tests ignore so many types of intelligence(like physical, social, etc). These two groupings illustrate where themajor failings of popular IQ tests occur and can be used as tools forjudging others. .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf , .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .postImageUrl , .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf , .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf:hover , .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf:visited , .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf:active { border:0!important; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf:active , .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8ad1e3d433dfdd418976cff1925bfcbf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Trifles EssayIQ tests are not good indicators for a persons overall intelligence,but as their use has shown, they are extremely helpful in makingpredictions about how a person will perform in an academic setting. Perhaps the problem comes in the name intelligence tests when it isobvious this is not what they really are. The modern IQ test definitelyhas its applications in todays society but should be be used toquantify a persons overall intelligence by any means. Psychology